Amoksitsillin (yarim sintetik penitsillinlar guruhiga mansub antibiotik) va klavulan kislotasining (β-laktamazlarning ingibitori) majmuaviy antibakterial preparati.
Mikrobiologik xususiyatlari mukammal o‘rganilgan.
Amoksitsillin – yarim sintetik penitsillinlar guruhiga mansub keng ta’sir doirasiga ega bo‘lgan kislotaga chidamli antibakterial, bakteritsid vosita.
Bo‘linish va o‘sish davrida transpeptidazani ingibitsiya qiladi, peptidoglikanning (hujayra qobig‘ining tayanch oqsili) sintezini buzadi, mikroorganizmlarning lizisini chaqiradi.
Klavulan kislotasi Streptomyces clavuligerus fermentatsiyasining mahsuloti bo‘lib, bir vaqtda yuborilayotgan amoksitsillinga nisbatan β-laktamazalarga yuqoriroq yaqinlikka ega.
Ular bilan turg‘un faolsizlantirilgan majmuasini hosil qilib, amoksitsillinning fermentativ parchalanishini oldini oladi va uning antibakterial ta’sirini kafolatli namoyon bo‘lishini ta’minlaydi.
Shu bilan birga tuzilishi β-laktam antibiotiklariga o‘xshash klavulan kislotasi, o‘zining kuchsiz antibakterial faollikiga egadir.
Klavulan kislotasi Richmond-Sykes-Mathew tasnifi bo‘yicha II, III, IV, V tur β-laktamazalarni ingibitsiya qiladi.
Bunday fermentlarni grammusbat va grammanfiy, shu jumladan anaerob mikroorganizmlar, ya’ni Staphylococcus spp., Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Neisseria spp., Proteus spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacteroides spp.
lar ishlab chiqarishi mumkin.
Klavulan kislotasi Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginoza, Serratia spp., Acinobacter spp.
lar ishlab chiqaradigan I tur β-laktamazlarga nisbatan faol emas.
Preparatning bakteritsid ta’siri grammusbat va grammanfiy, aerob va anaerob qo‘zg‘atuvchilarning keng doirasini, shu jumladan, β-laktamazlarni ishlab chiqarilishi oqibatida ularda β-laktam antibiotiklariga (ampitsillin va amoksitsillinga), chidamlilik shakllangan ularning shtammlarini qamrab oladi.
Grammusbat: Streptococcus Group A,B,C,G (Strep.
pneumoniae, viridans, milleri, faecalis, pyogenes, anthracis, agalactiae, bovis); Staphylococcus aureus, epidermidis (penitsillinga sezgir va penitsillinga – rezistent, metitsillinga – rezistent MRSA, MRSE shtammlaridan tashqari); Enterococcus faecalis, faecium; Corynebacterium spp.; Listeria monocytogenes; Nocardia asteroides;
Grammanfiy: Aeromonas spp.; Bordetella pertussis; Brucella spp.; Campylobacter jejuni, coli; Citrobacter spp.
(o‘rtacha sezgir); Escherichia coli; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus ducreyi, influenzae; Helicobacter pylori; Klebsiella spp., K.
pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Morganella spp.
(o‘rtacha sezgir); Neisseria gonorrhoeae, meningitidis; Pasteurela multocida; Proteus mirabilis, vulgaris; Salmonella spp.; Shigella spp.; Vibrio cholerae; Yersinia enterocolitica (o‘rta sezgir); Branhamella catarrhalis.
Anaeroblar: Actinomyces israeli; Bacteroides spp.
(shu jumladan B.
fragilis); Prevotella melaninogenica; Clostridium spp.
(Cl.
difficile dan tashqari); Peptostreptococcus spp.; Eikenella corrodens; Fusobacterium spp.; Propionibacterium spp.; Peptococcus spp.
Boshqalar: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fortuitum, bovis, kanasaii – o‘rtacha sezgir, (Mycobacterium chelonei – chidamli); Treponema pallidum; Nocardiae spp., L-eptospirae spp.
Quyidagi mikroorganizmlar rezistent yoki qisman rezistent: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus rettgeri, morganii, Providencia spp., Mycoplasmae spp., Chlamidiae spp., Rickettsiae spp.